Sepsis — first-hour actions

Measure the lactate and repeat it after resuscitation. Draw blood cultures before antibiotics, without delaying them more than a few minutes. Give broad-spectrum antibiotics within one hour. Start crystalloid resuscitation for hypotension or a lactate above 4 mmol/L. Add vasopressors if hypotension persists after fluids; norepinephrine is first line, targeting a mean arterial pressure of 65 mmHg. Reassess perfusion: mental status, capillary refill, urine output

• Anaphylaxis — immediate sequence
• Antidotes to know
• Hyperkalemia — priorities
• Transfusion reaction — what to do
• Types of shock — recognition

Clinical content reviewed by Ducamelle Grégoire, Registered Nurse