Opioids in palliative care
Regular around-the-clock dosing with breakthrough doses available, usually 10 % of the total daily dose, as often as needed. If several breakthrough doses are needed each day, the regular dose is too low. Always prescribe a laxative alongside: opioid constipation does not resolve with tolerance, unlike nausea and sedation which fade in a few days. Respiratory depression at end of life is far rarer than untreated pain. Sedation increases before the respiratory rate falls, so monitor sedation.