Frailty
Five markers: unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, weakness measured by grip strength, slow walking speed, low physical activity. Three or more indicate frailty; one or two indicate pre-frailty. A frail person decompensates from a minor stress: a urinary infection, a move, a new medication, one night without sleep. Frailty changes the care plan: gentler glycemic and blood pressure targets, careful deprescribing, mobilization from day one, and a realistic discussion about goals of care.