Fall risk factors and prevention
Intrinsic: previous fall, gait and balance impairment, muscle weakness, orthostatic hypotension, visual impairment, cognitive impairment, incontinence and nocturia, foot problems. Medication: benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, antidepressants, antihypertensives, diuretics, anticholinergics, and polypharmacy itself. Environmental: rugs, poor lighting, no grab bars, unsuitable footwear, cluttered corridor. Prevention: review the medication list, correct orthostatic hypotension, provide proper footwear with a firm heel counter, night lighting, accessible toileting, strength and balance exercise.